Reassessing the Liberal State:
Reading Maritain's Man and the State
Edited by Timothy Fuller and John P. Hittinger
Book Overview
This collection of essays revisits Jacques Maritain's book, Man and the State—the University of Chicago Walgreen lectures of 1949—and critically engages its greatest themes and arguments: the character of the modern state and its relation to the body politic, the state's functions and claims, the basis of authority, the foundation of human rights and natural law, structural pluralism, Church and State relations, national sovereignty, and the prospects for world government. The contributors address whether Maritain has successfully accomplished his project of engaging modernity from the perspective of a 20th century disciple of Thomas Aquinas; whether his reformulations and revisions of the modern state are philosophically sound and prudent; and whether his developments of Aristotle and Aquinas are faithful to the sources.
Maritain, drawing upon the philosophy of Aquinas, represents a significant achievement: he provides a viable reassessment of the liberal state, uniting Thomistic and Aristotelian traditions with the human rights thrust of modern political philosophy. In short, Maritain reassesses the liberal state in light of ancient and medieval political traditions, seeking to find what is true, enduring, and practical in the modern liberal state, while criticizing its excesses and reconceptualizing its philosophical foundations. The contributors to this collection find Maritain has achieved much in the accomplishment of this project. Some continue this project by applying Maritain's philosophy to contemporary issues. Other contributors find it helpful, however, to compare Maritain to other contemporary political philosophers, and to question his use of the philosophy of Aquinas.
Maritain's political philosophy, and Man and the State in particular, is worth continued study. Although his influence was greatest in the 1950s and 1960s and his philosophy has been displaced by new trends, his work shows a remarkable resilience and relevance to the issues of the day, offering a deeper philosophical foundation and more flexible set of tools for analysis than currently provided.
Timothy Fuller, professor of political science and acting president of Colorado College, is the editor of Leading and Leadership and The Voice of Liberal Learning: Michael Oakeshott on Education. John P. Hittinger is professor of philosophy at the United States Air Force Academy and coeditor of Liberalism at the Crossroads: An Introduction to Contemporary Liberal Theory and its Critics.
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Contents
Acknowledgements
John Hittinger and Timothy Fuller, “Introduction: Maritain and the Reassessment of the Liberal State”
Russell Hittinger, “Reasons for a Civil Society”
Timothy Fuller, “Jacques Maritain and Michael Oakeshott on the Modern State”
William Haggerty, “The Question of Modernity in the Political Thought of Heinrich Rommen”
Catherine Green, “Work, Rest, and Generosity”
Desmond FitzGerald, “Maritain and Gilson on the Challenge of Political Democracy”
Henk E.S. Woldring, “Constitutional Democracy in Search of Justification”
Jeanne M. Heffernan, “Acknowledging Ambiguity and Difference in Politics: A Christian Realist Challenge to Thomists”
John R. Goodreau, “Kant's Contribution to the Idea of Democratic Pluralism”
James Hanink, “Liberalism and Legitimacy: An Indictment”
Gregory Doolan, “Maritain, St. Thomas Aquinas, and the First Principles of Natural Law”
V. Bradley Lewis, “Liberal Democracy, Natural Law and Jurisprudence: Thomistic Notes on an Irish Debate”
J. Budziszewski, “Denying What We Can't Not know”
John Trapani, Jr., “Different Music-The Same Keyboard: Obscene Art / Pornography and the First Amendment Debate”
John Hittinger, “The Cooperation of Church and State: Maritain's Argument from the Unity of the Person”
Joseph M. de Torre, “Maritain's "Integral Humanism" and Catholic Social Teaching”
Deborah Wallace Ruddy, “Christian Humility and Democratic Citizenry: St. Augustine and Jacques Maritain”
Nicholas C. Lund-Molfese, “Maritain's Contribution to the Development of the Magisterium on Means”
Pope Paul VI, “Message to Men of Thought and Science, “Message to Heads of State, “Discourse at the Last General Session of Vatican II”
Contributors
Index